English 101 Memoir Essay - 1530 Words

The snow had all but melted away and the smell of spring filled the air. Just a few months of school were left; it was my eighth grade year. Much preparation and months of work had been done to get ready for the last dance of the year. It was the last dance of our middle school career and the excitement was building. It all began with shopping. First with my girlfriends over the years, goofing off on trips to the mall trying on gorgeous flowing gowns for fun, and then it was finally time for me to buy one, finally a formal occasion where I got to dress up in a fancy gown with high heels, my Mom took me to the mall. Even though it wasn’t quite prom, it was still a formal dance, a celebration of completing middle school and entering into†¦show more content†¦We burst out of the door, unveiling ourselves to the crowd outside. We felt like rock stars. Everyone had to get a few more pictures with other friends as they arrived and then we filed inside. The place was decorated from top to bottom, glittered stars hung from the ceiling, white Christmas lights twinkled all around, and glimmering gowns in every color made the entire venue sparkle. As a class, months earlier, we had chosen the theme, â€Å"I’ve had the time of my life†. The girls had pulled it from our favorite movie, â€Å"Dirty Dancing†, and I think the boys just went with it. We sat down for dinner where we were served our choice of meat, with rice or potatoes and a medley of veggies. Nobody ate much though, either because of nerves, vanity, or just plain desire to get to showing off our best moves, we wanted to boogie! After about an hour the tables were cleared off of the dance floor and it was time to the highly anticipated partying. The DJ played the hottest jams of 1999 and we danced the night away. Most of the girls were in their bare feet, unable to take the pain of high heels any longer as we busted our best moves. The night was coming to an end; parents were slowly showing up to collect their kids. The DJ announced it was the last song of the night. It was our theme song. Jaimie and I swayed together on the dance floor belting out the words we knew by heart when we heard what sounded likeShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement On Creative And Free Flowing897 Words   |  4 Pagesas I started to register for class, writing is not my strong suit. I always viewed writing as creative and free flowing, which I have much difficulty with, structure and routine is more my speed. I did not believe I would do as well as I did in English 101, and actually enjoying it. I did have some difficulties at times, but I did not give up, I exhausted all available resources and did my best. I actually excel in public speaking, I am able to command my audience and keep them captivated until theRead MoreBalancing Solidarity and Empathy972 Words   |  4 Pageswith getting tasks done than being around others for example, in the essay â€Å"The Rewards of Living a Solidarity Life† author Mary Sarton explained that, â€Å"Human intercourse often demands that we soften the edge of perception, or withdraw at the very instant of personal truth for fear of hurting, or being inappropriately present† (42). Others argue that having empathy for others can be better for y ou and for the world, in the memoir by author Azar Nafisi â€Å"Mysterious Connections that Link Us Together†Read MorePower of Literature2168 Words   |  9 PagesHow the Power of Literature Has Affected My Life - Value of Literature Alex Sidorov English 101 Alex Sidorov Thompson English 101 May 27, 2009 How the Power of Literature Has Affected My Life - Value of Literature If you asked me how much I valued literature a few months ago, I would have probably laughed it off and proclaimed it has no value because it does not affect me. What kind of value could literature possibly have? It is just books. 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In this short story, Yu Tsun (the spy) learns that a fellow agent has been eliminated. This means that he will undoubtedly be the next to be arrested and killed. This will probably happen beforeRead MoreThe Hours - Film Analysis12007 Words   |  49 PagesReincarnation in the Reader: Intertextuality in The Hours by Michael Cunningham Andrea Wild In his novel The Hours, Michael Cunningham weaves a dazzling fabric of intertextual references to Virginia Woolfs works as well as to her biography. In this essay, I shall partly yield to the academic itch to tease out the manifold and sophisticated allusions to the numerous intertexts. My aim, however, is not to point out every single reference to Woolf and her works--such an endeavour of source-hunting wouldRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagessometimes, to Christoph Martin Wieland s Geschichte des Agathon of 1767.[9] Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and later throughout the world. Thomas Carlyle translated Goethe’s novel into English, and after its publication in 1824, many British authors wrote novels inspired by it.[10][11] In the 20th century, it spread to Germany, Britain,[12] France,[13][14] and several other countries around the globe.[15] The genre translates fairly directlyRead MoreMetamorphoses Within Frankenstein14861 Words   |  60 Pagesphilosophy of science, however — on th e conviction th at ( to quote Mar ilyn Butler) ‘the academic reading-list needs qualify ing or replacing with a form of newspaper and jour nal-talk wh ich 15 could be thought of as current language’ — many recent essays hav e focussed more in tensively on Mary Shelley’s and the novel’s relation to the immed iate d iscover ies and controversies of the contemporary scientific world: The fluid boundary between death and life — a dominan t theme in th e bio-medicalRead MoreMethods of Qualitative of Data Collection19658 Words   |  79 Pagesemerging analysis of a cultural group, because they provide the researcher with new vantage points and with opportunities to make the strange familiar and the familiar strange (Glesne, 1999). 04-Marshall-4864.qxd 2/1/2006 3:16 PM Page 101 Data Collection Methods 101 This method for gathering data is basic to all qualitative studies and forces a consideration of the role or stance of the researcher as a participant observer—her positionality. 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Privacy And Privacy Analysis - 783 Words

Intimacy and loyalty are like best friends, because you can be loyalty to something without any type of intimacy involve. It also can be toxic, causing a person to become badly affected, where they aren’t themselves nomore. Similar to losing your self-respect, because you give all your attention and time towards them instead of yourself. Despite the analysis of intimacy and loyalty within 1984 and Lord of the Flies, it becomes clear that intimacy and loyalty affects privacy by not allowing ones to think for themselves, and limit of freedom. 1984 was very strict, where you weren’t allowed to be yourself or even have a personality. Big Brother created fear in the citizens which force them to become loyalty to him, thinking it would keep†¦show more content†¦In the same way â€Å" Lord of the Flies,† had the concepts but different settings and time frame. The book is very interesting, but it get very shaky when the young boys start to separate in two groups , causing several conflicts. â€Å"Ralph wept the end of innocence, the darkness of man’s heart, and he fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy.† Piggy is a loyal friend, because he stand up for him when Jack despites Ralph leadership, and encourage all the others to stay true to their leaders. Due to Jack power over the others and the fear he put in them, Sam and Eric didn’t buy into it, because they knew the danger Jack have behind him. Ralph didn’t want war, but he wasn’t going to settle to be rule by a person who is cruel. Major of the boys who were with Ralph betrayed him, because Jack able to frighten them. Jack capacity to create loyalty proves stronger than Ralph’s, even leading them to become murderers. Jack simply uses the own boys desires in order to create the loyalty towards himself and to build his tribe. 1984 and Lord of the flies, affect privacy by brainwashing a person to have loyalty/intimacy for the party/leader in order to gain power. Controlling is a definition for both the novels, because they wouldn’t let a person be able to officially be themselves. Unable to think straight or better â€Å"not having their own thoughts†, both the novels expresses leverageShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Personal Privacy871 Words   |  4 Pagessecurity questions, and passwords retaliating this issue is increasing day by day on the internet. Upon logging in, the attacker was able to collect passwords and download iCloud accounts. The downloaded accounts were then used to compromise the privacy of the people with the attackers taking the photos of the victims. Some of the perpetrators of the heinous act were caught through tracing their IP addresses. 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With Reference to six poems, explain how attitudes to war changed over the course of World War One Free Essays

World War One, or as most historians refer to it â€Å"The Great War,† was supposed to be the war to end all wars. From 1914 to 1918, young men were encouraged to sign up to fight for the British army against the might of the Germans. Because conscription wasn’t introduced until 1916, recruitment songs, posters and poetry were needed to encourage men to sign up. We will write a custom essay sample on With Reference to six poems, explain how attitudes to war changed over the course of World War One or any similar topic only for you Order Now These songs and poems were specially written using a wide variety of rhetorical devices so as to display the potential advantages that joining the army could bring. Most recruitment poems have subtle similarities as they are all written for the same purpose: to persuade. The main way they do this is through the use of rhetorical devices. In the poem ‘Who’s for the game? ‘ the first three verses have rhetorical questions featuring heavily. For example, â€Å"Who’ll grip and tackle the job unafraid† and â€Å"Who’ll give his country a hand? † This also occurs in â€Å"Fall In† with the line, â€Å"Will you send a strangled cheer to the sky / and grin till your cheeks are red? † These words are examples of rhetorical devices. They make you question yourself after you have read it about whether or not you enlist. The titles of the two poems also set the tone of the different poems and make the reader aware of what they are about to read. Making sure that the title displays this is important, because you then know what some of what is about to happen before you have even started the first word. â€Å"Who’s for the game† shows war as a fun, exciting prospect that men, if they signed up, would enjoy. Whereas â€Å"Fall In,† the other recruitment poem, has a military connotation. Fall in† is a marching term that is used a lot in the army, so before you have read a word of the actual poem, you know that the rest of the poem is going to have a military background, perhaps talking about how war is like from the military’s point of view The structure of the poems are very similar, as they both have the same rhyming pattern with alternate lines rhyming – â€Å"played† and â€Å"unafraid† as well as â€Å"fright† and â€Å"tight† This makes the poems catchy and therefore easier to remember. This will then cause the poem to stick in people’s heads, continuously persuading them to join the army. In the poem â€Å"Fall In,† the author relates personally to you with the lines â€Å"Is it football still and the picture show / the pub and the betting odds† These are all things that the people who the poems were read by would have done in their everyday life. This is mirrored in â€Å"Who’s for the game? † where they mention â€Å"the red crashing game of a fight† this compares war to a game like football to make it more appealing to the readers of the poem. This targets the audience through their word choice. â€Å"Crashing†, is a positive adjective which makes the reader more accepting of war. This also makes the poem sound more appealing and attractive to the reader. Also in â€Å"Who’s for the game? † they relate to you by appealing to men’s sense of bravery and chivalry in the lines â€Å"Your country is up to her neck in a fight / and she’s looking and calling for you† There are a number of appealing factors about that line, the first being the pronoun – â€Å"Your†; this makes it sound as if you own the country and it would be a shame to let it go. Then they refer to the country as a female in the words, â€Å"her neck† This makes them think that they are strong and brave and also personifies war as a beautiful woman that they need to go and rescue. This emphasises the point even further by saying that she’s â€Å"looking and calling for you. † The writer has made it sound like they’re talking about every single male that hasn’t signed up yet. In the next section I will look at a different viewpoint of the same experience of war, from soldier poets. These poets fought in the trenches and wrote poems about what their experiences were like. The author of â€Å"Peace,† Rupert Brooke, was a neo-classical poet whose poems glorified war and made it sound like a glorious adventure, however he never experienced combat at first hand. He became famous because of his good looks. An Irish poet was quoted to have described him as â€Å"the handsomest young man in England! † Arthur Graeme West, however, isn’t as famous as him. This is probably because he was known to write poems attacking young soldier-poets who were writing poems idealising war – like Rupert Brooke. His own personal gruesome experience was probably his motivation to write such a scathing poem about the young poets. In â€Å"Peace,† the main aim of the poem is to explain to people about how great the war is and how much of an adventure it would be when you sign up to join the army. Brooke has used the sonnet structure to his advantage. In the first eight lines, the octave, he is explaining about how war could liven up their lives in the line, â€Å"†¦ nd wakened us from sleeping,† and then in the last six lines, the sestet, he brings the poem to a close reassuring the reader about death, â€Å"Naught broken save this body, lost but breath;† This talks about how when you die your body is the only thing that is broken, and nothing is lost apart from breath, It hints at the fact that the soul of a person will live on after death. This makes the reader more accepting of death, because it says that after death you will live on. However, in â€Å"God! How I hate you,† West has also used the end of the poem to hammer home his point. In the first five lines he talks about why he is writing the poem. The title itself is from when he is addressing the poets who are glorifying war. The title continues into â€Å"†¦ you young cheerful men,† the men being the poets. In the last part he goes into a much more detailed version of war with strong adjectives like â€Å"warm grey brain,† and powerful similes like, â€Å"smashed like an eggshell† This is a good example as it likens a man’s head to an eggshell which is very easy to smash. The choice of simile here suggests that human life is fragile Imagery plays a huge part in both poems. â€Å"Peace† is showing war in a positive way like in the line â€Å"†¦ we have found release there,† this meaning that war has cleansed them from the boring Edwardian society that they lived in before the war. â€Å"God! How I Hate You,† in contrast shows war in the opposite way, with the gruesome wording in the latter section. â€Å"Spattered all bloody,† is one of the strongest phrases in the poem and it is made all the more poignant with the last two lines. These lines are almost mocking the young-soldier poets, saying that even though that the war is so ghastly, â€Å"†¦ still God’s in His Heaven† and all is right in the world. There are also hints at sarcasm, which is meant to make the soldier poets embarrassed about what they’ve written. The last poems I am going to look at are â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† and â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth. † â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† is a war poem written by Wilfred Owen in collaboration with Siegfriend Sassoon. Wilfred Owen was seen as one of the most important war-poets in World War One. He wrote poetry in the trenches and kept a diary. He experienced shell shock after a shell burst near him in 1917 and was sent to a military hospital in Scotland called Craiglockhart where he met Siegfried Sassoon. Whilst there, his poetry changed and became more explicit and more didactic in content. The poem is very negative about war. They mention a lot of the effects that war can bring on you like, â€Å"Drunk with fatigue,† which meant that the war was so tiring they were acting as if they were drunk from the effects. Also, â€Å"Deaf even to the hoots,† means that they were concentrating so hard on the war that they couldn’t hear anything at all. The reason for all this negativity is that it was written in 1917, three years after war had broken out so they had had time to see how bad the war is and to construct a poem saying how startlingly horrific it is. Owen does very well at portraying a gas attack, the main event in the poem. The first of these very emotive stanzas is â€Å"vile, incurable sores. † The first word, â€Å"vile† immediately makes your repulsed and moved about the use of this foul language. Another one is â€Å"gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs. † I think this is the worst and most dreadful of the three stanzas because corrupted makes you think of how ruined and destroyed this young soldiers lungs must be after inhaling the gas. The last one is â€Å"watch the white eyes writing in his face. † The strongest word in this stanza is definitely writihing. These poetic techniques are really vivid because they make you really disgusted at what has happened to these poor soldiers during the war. All these really horrible descriptions of war really hit home the ideas about the ‘bogus’ patriots, like Jessie Pope, whom the poem is addressed to. The reason for addressing the poem to her is that she stayed at home yet encouraged men to join the army and to go and fight in the war. As well as her it is also addressed to all the soldier poets like Rupert Brooke who glamorised war. This gave the poem more fame than others because most people saw the reception from the other well-known poets that it was aimed at. As well as using a lot of descriptions to describe war he uses continuous verbs like â€Å"†¦ uttering, choking, drowning. † This gives you the sense of the war never ending with no hope of going out as after you’ve read one word you’re immediately pounded on with another one. This gives the poem more depth than the actual words written on the page. Also a lot of similes in the first paragraph including, â€Å"Bent double, like old beg gars under sacks,† as well as â€Å"coughing like hags. † These also give you the idea that war is a really terrible place to be because things like hags and beggars aren’t very nice things to be likened to. The soldiers have also not become human because of the war – they have aged and become dehumanised. I think that putting the title at the end of the poem rounds off the whole poem because you don’t really read those last lines but it gives you time to digest the poem and focus on what you have actually read. In this poem, there is also use of sarcasm and an accusatory tone because of the people that the poet was directing it to – Jessie Pope and other poets just like her. â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth,† was written by Wilfred Owen in collaboration with Siegfried Sassoon when they met in Craiglockhart, a military hospital in 1917. They wrote it together relying on each other to adjust bits slightly using both poets’ skills. The war was reaching its conclusion and poems were becoming more detailed as four years of war had given them lots to write about. Gruesome injuries, horrific detail and the soldier’s own personal accounts affected how poets displayed their words to the reader. The grisly nature of the poem is displayed immediately in the first stanza with the description, â€Å"What passing-bells for these who die as cattle? † This likens deaths of soldiers to that of cattle. If someone dies like cattle it is not going to be a glorious death. The quote also states about how, after a soldier’s death, no one will sound church bells in memoriam of them in the line, â€Å"What passing-bells†¦ † This makes the deaths sound unimportant and that nobody cares if a soldier dies. Instead of bells, the only sounds they were likely to get were â€Å"the monstrous anger of the guns†¦ † and, â€Å"the stuttering rifles rapid rattle. † This likens the typical funeral noises to that of war. There is also a use of alliteration with â€Å"rifles’ rapid rattle† It shows how brutal and quick the rifles could fire. They use personification in the â€Å"choirs of wailing shells. † Instead of a choir of church boys singing the soldiers had the â€Å"wail† of an exploding shell. This creates a shocked and surprised mood to the comparison of shells to choir boys. With the line, â€Å"What candles may be held to speed them all? † It questions whether or not anyone cares about the amount of death that is happening. It says that boys won’t care because they are the ones that possibly could go to war in the future. Girls will be the only ones feeling sorry for them and â€Å"girl’s brows shall be their pall. â€Å"Palls† are the cloth used to cover coffins so it means that the girls will be the most caring people. Also at the end of the poem, to round the end off, they use a metaphor about death. â€Å"And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds† This likens death to the drawing-down of blinds, or in the soldier’s context, their eyes closing. This makes the reader feel more accepting of death, it being likened to just drawing down of blinds – something that some people do every evening, and there is a sense of finality over this sombre and grave ending. In conclusion, my favourite poem was â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth,† because it had a very musical background, â€Å"no prayers nor bells† and â€Å"†¦ save the choirs. † The poem is a great poem, I think because two poets wrote it together. With two poets working on one poem, they can annotate each other’s work and make additions to it and change some parts to suit both there own. With all the references to music there is a lot to focus on, however if you can get your head around the poem it is a very emotive and meaningful poem. How to cite With Reference to six poems, explain how attitudes to war changed over the course of World War One, Essays

Eisenhower vs. Truman free essay sample

Truman worked at his father’s farm until he joined the military to participate in World War I. He was a member of the National Guard, so he was a commander of a Field Artillery unit in France. When he returned, he opened a hat shop which actually didn’t have any success. He then became the head judge of the county of Jackson, Missouri. After that, he served as a Democratic Senator of Missouri. Finally, in 1945 he became vice president. Truman became president after Franklin Roosevelt’s death. He won the elections of 1948, with 49% of the popular votes. At first, people didn’t really trust him but they then began to accept him. After his first term, he decided to retire from his position but he still remained active in supporting Democratic candidates for the presidency. He died from Pneumonia on December 26, 1972. Dwight David Ike Eisenhower was born on October 14, 1890 in Denison, Texas. His parents were David Jacob Eisenhower and Ida Elizabeth Stover. He grew up in a poor family of 8 members including him. Since he was young he had had worked to get money for his studies and for his family. He still went to local public schools and high schools. When was going to enter to college, he decided to join the military to be able to get a free college education. He was commissioned a second lieutenant and then he began to attend to the Army War College. In 1916, Eisenhower met Mamie Geneva Doud and he proposed to her on Valentine’s Day of that year. They had two children, one of them died of scarlet fever at the age of three. Their other son was called John Sheldon Doud Eisenhower. During World War I, Eisenhower was training to be the commander and instructor of a training center for other soldiers. When World War II started, he became a chief and then a major general. Later, he became the commander of allied forces. With all his performance in his military career, he was made a five-star general. Eisenhower was elected to run on the Republican ticket with Richard Nixon as his Vice President against Adlai Stevenson. 55% of people voted for â€Å"Ike†, Eisenhower’s nickname, which made him to won the elections. After he retired after his second term, he moved to Gettysburg to take care of his health and to write his autobiography. He died from a congestive heart failure on March 28, 1969. POLICIES The Truman Doctrine was a foreign policy of the United States that tried to give assistance to any country who was threatened by communism. The initial movement of the Truman Doctrine was to give $400 million to assist Greece and Turkey. The money was given to them to have military aid and economic assistance. Truman stated: â€Å"It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. † Speech to Congress, March 12, 1947, laying out what became the Truman Doctrine The Fair Deal was a domestic program made by Harry Truman. The Fair Deal, guaranteed economic opportunities and social stability. His first priority was to make a time of peace on the economy of United States. That is why he created a 21-point program that provided protection against unfair employment practices, a higher minimum wage, a greater housing assistance and unemployment compensation. And also he added health insurance to his program. On the other hand, Eisenhower’s New Look policy addressed the idea of using nuclear weapons and new technology rather than normal bombs and groups of soldiers in an effort to stabilized defense spending. His new look policy will help him to contain the Soviet Union and even win back territory that had been already lost. The main strategies of the New Look were to maintain stability to the U. S. economy while they were getting prepared for the Cold War. Also, the United States was willing to use their nuclear weapons if it was necessary to stop Communism aggression. They were using the Central Intelligence Agency to make covert missions against the soviets and to get infiltrated in their society. The last strategy was to continue making alliances and strengthening the ones that they already had. Eisenhower didn’t want to be seemed as a threat by the rest of the countries of the world, that is why he stopped the development of arm forces. He didn’t wanted that the other countries of the world think that United States was preparing weapons to be ready for the war because in that way they will think that he wanted to participate at the war and not trying to put an end to the war. The Eisenhower Doctrine was similar to the Truman Doctrine stated that the United States will provide military and economic assistance to Middle Eastern countries in resisting communist aggression. This doctrine was made to stop the involvement and influence from the Soviets in the Middle East. Eisenhower was willing to help any Middle Eastern country who asked for help against the Soviets. The Eisenhower Doctrine formed part of his containment policy too, as well as the New Look policy. All of them are related in some way. The main differences from Eisenhower and Truman are that Eisenhower was more concentrated in democracy. Containment was important for Eisenhower but it was not everything while Truman really wanted to put away communist people from the United States. ACOMPLISHMENTS President Truman helped in the process of putting an end to World War II by taking the decision of using an atomic bomb on Japan. He used the bomb to give a message to the Soviet Union that the United States was not afraid of using nuclear weapons if it was necessary. Also he wanted to find a quicker way to stop the war without losing troops. Truman also worked on the containment issue. He worked really hard to stop communism in the United States and also not letting communists to be in the United States as well. He also supported the creation of the United Nations in order to avoid future world ward and to help solving conflicts peacefully. Another of his accomplishments was to create the Truman Doctrine that helped countries from Europe to be able to resist communist intervention. Eisenhower solved the problem of 1957 at Little Rock Central High School. Nine black students went to that school as an experiment of what could happen if black and white people went to the same schools. When the students arrived to the school, they found a lot of people out of it protesting against the idea of black and white students in the same schools. The people, who were protesting, were also threatening the black students. Eisenhower had to intervene in that issue; he took control over the situation and calmed the mass of people. Then, he led the black students to enter to the school. He also helped to bring an end to the Korean War by convincing them to sign an armistice agreement. Eisenhower told to the Communists that he will have no mercy with the weapons that he will use against them and also that it can exist thee possibility of the use of nuclear weapons. Eisenhower helped to manage Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union. He kept the calm in the United States and never led anything to create hysteria in the United States. Eisenhower used the resources available to him and never looked for war. He authorized many operations by the CIA against the communist people. I think that both presidents had good and bad decisions. Also the period of time in which they were presidents was different and the decisions that they made were about different issues. Truman looked for a peace time in the United States. To achieve his goal he had to make difficult but effective decisions. He decided to drop a bomb in Japan to show to everybody that United States knew how to defend itself. Also he helped many countries with their fight against communism. He also sought for United States’ people welfare by helping them to have jobs and more opportunities as well as commodities. On the other hand, Eisenhower was a president that looked for the United States welfare and he tried to loose anyone in a fight. He always looked for a peaceful solution but when he had no choice he knew how to manage severe situations. BIBLIGRAPHY Sage, Henry J. (January 5, 2012). America and the Cold War: The Truman, Eisenhower and Kennedy Years. Retrieved fromhttp://www. academicamerican. com/postww2/coldwar. html Kelly, Martin, (February 23, 2009). Dwight D. Eisenhower Thirty-Fourth President of the United States. Retrieved fromhttp://americanhistory. about. com / od/dwightdeisenhower/p/peisenhower. htm Kelly, Martin, (April 19,2009). Harry S Truman Thirty-Third President of the Unit ed States. Retrieved fromhttp://americanhistory. about. com/od/harrystruman / p/ptruman. htm University of Virginia, (March 8, 2006). American President A Reference Resource. Retrieved fromhttp://millercenter. org/president/eisenhower/essays/ biography/5 Encyclop? dia Britannica, (May 9, 2012). Eisenhower Doctrine. Retrieved fromhttp://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/181513/Eisenhower-Doctrine Spark Notes, (2012). Eisenhower and the Cold War: 1954–1960. Retrieved from http://www. sparknotes. com/history/american/coldwar/section6. rhtml U. S. Department of State,(unknown). The Fair Deal. Retrieved from http://countrystudies. us/united-states/history-115. htm

Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet Essay Example

Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet Paper Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet was a puritan wife and mother. However, her passion for literary creation was forced, moreover, to operate within the restraints and inhibitions of Puritanism. There is a conflict between Puritan theology and her own personal feelings on life reflected in many of her poems in which reveal her eternal conflict regarding her emotions and the beliefs of her religion. Puritan marriage normally was repressed so as not to distract their life from their devotion to God. In that time, women normally passed away before men. It was very common for men in that time to remarry rather quickly after the death of his wife to make sure the family is taken care of. However, Anne expressed the bond of love that binds humanity within the divine in her poems. â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband† conveys Anne Bradstreet’s strong love for her husband: â€Å"I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold†. The same poem also expresses her idea of everlasting love between their selves after life on earth which is normally not of typical Puritan belief: â€Å"That when we love no more, we may live ever†. We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And again, â€Å"A letter To Her Husband† communicates her strong love, passion, and unity with her husband: â€Å"If two be one, as surely though and I†. The quotes from her poems represented how much she did love and care for her husband in which was rather strong feelings for a Puritan relationship. Puritan’s also believed that God preordained those whom go to Heaven and that all mankind is stained by Adam and Eve’s sin. They believed everything was an act of providence. However, in â€Å"Upon The Burning of Our House† Anne expressed a genuine comfort of after life: A price so vast as is unknown Yet by His gift is made thine own; There’s wealth enough, I need no more, Farewell, my pelf, farewell my store, The world no longer let me love, My hope and treasure lies above. Anne Bradstreet also contradicts the belief of her puritan religion that all â€Å"little vipers† went to hell. Anne expressed in her poetry strong faith that her grandchildren went to heaven. â€Å"Sith thou art settled in an everlasting state† from her poem â€Å"In Memory Of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet† and †Go pretty babe, go rest with sister twain† from â€Å"On My Dear Grandchild Simon Bradstreet† reflect her belief that her grandchildren went to a peaceful place to rest referring to heaven. Puritans believed that women were to take care of their husband and children. They were not believed to be able to write and needed to be attending to their household chores. Anne Bradstreet commonly brought her frustration towards the way women were treated in her poetry particularly â€Å"The Prologue†. It becomes apparent in Anne’s poetry that she is bothered by cultural bias in her time: I am obnoxious to each carping tongue Who says my hand a needle better fits; A poet’s pen al scorn I should thus wrong For such despite they cast on female wits. If what I do prove well, it won’t advance; They’ll say it’s stol’n, or else it was by chance. She proclaims that no matter what men are always going to preside over women and achieve nobler acts just because they are of the dominant sex. She says that it is useless to fight it because â€Å"men can do best and women know it well. She is almost mocking men by saying that they think that they can do everything better then women and that they always make sure that women are aware of their mightiness. It is often seen in her poetry the emotional frustration that Anne feels in the way women are treated and looked upon. Anne Bradstreet’s emotional conflict with Puritan belief in regards to strong and everlasting love for her husband, certainty that her grandchildren went to heaven, and her frustration towards the way women were treated were all expressed with dignity in her poetry. Anne Bradstreets passion for literary creation was forced, moreover, to operate within the

Loving Ones Self essays

Loving One's Self essays One day, my friend Samantha and I were walking through a mall. I had just turned 17, and my grandparents sent me some birthday money to spend. Samantha and I went shopping that day. We entered various stores, either purchasing or just glancing around. We carried bags of purchases in and out of stores, but at this mall they had a policy that I had never heard of. When we entered stores, we had to put our bags of purchases from other stores behind the counter of the cashier. Sam and I were surprised at this. We asked the employees at each store why we must do this, unsure of this policy. They all told us the same thing, store policy. We did as we were asked and continued to walk around the store. We saw other groups of kids our age come in, and the same thing was done as well. As all of this was happening, two adults, older than us, more likely to be in their thirties, walked in as they pleased. They held their bags in their hands the whole time they were in the store, no q uestions asked. Many adults walked in without a problem. I couldnt understand what the meaning of this was. Little did I know I was facing a social oppression I was unaware of called adultism. Adultism is the oppression of young people that happens from the day they are born. It is based on age and is presented by the attitudes of adults who surround young people, such as teachers and parents. Adultism can result, or be expressed through many things, such as stereotyping young adults as lazy, mean, angry, and silly, not including young people into decisions made at home and in the classroom, and the failure of supporting young adults development by not being a positive influence or putting in time to talk to us and see what is going on in our lives today. Memmis theory of racism can be applied to adultism as well. There are many situations in which people face the same prejudices for being young adults tha...

County Government Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

County Government - Term Paper Example Hence, this paper seeks to explore the sphere of county government, and establishes facts on matters of a county government. Brief History of County Government Way back from the early years, a county or shire has already existed and established. A county is a political body or a division within the bounds of particular country. Tracing back to the English about a thousand years ago, counties have been serving a dual function: it acted as the administrative arm of the national government and regarded as citizen’s local government. In addition, along the eastern seaboard of North America, the structural form of the county was embraced and adopted by the colonists; they also acclimated its structure in order to better satisfy the needs of colonies geographically and economically (â€Å"Overview of County Government†). However, in the aftermath of World War I, what strengthened the role and function of each political subdivision are the factors such as suburban development, the government reform movement, and the increase in rate of population growth. In fact, these awesome developments opened the door for post World War II urbanization. Moreover, there were ‘catalysts’ that led in a new era for county government: the great changes in the structure of counties, appreciating revenues, greater freedom or autonomy from the states, and the stronger political accountability (â€Å"Overview of County Government†). Exploring County Government The term â€Å"county† has been widely used all over the world, and has given various definitions. One definition of county is that it is a political subdivision of a state, and power and importance of which varies from one state to another (â€Å"County†). It is created with a purpose and function, and role and objectives, though not all has functioning governments. In the United States, there are 3, 068 counties, and all of which differ greatly in range, population and other aspects. Counties are mechanisms for states to use in order to deliver programs within geographic limitations (DeSantis and Renner). To name some are the Arlington County, Va., North Slope Borough in Alaska, Loving County in Texas, and Los Angeles County in California. In addition, there are only forty-eight among the fifty states in the United States have operational county governments (â€Å"About Counties†). 1.1 Roles of County Government Counties are nothing without purpose and roles. What leads to the development of a country is mainly derived from counties. Where autonomy is given, counties perform several roles (Sellers 6.): county finance (which describes the procedure for the adoption of the budget legal taxes and assessment, and defines allowable debt limits and special funds like capital improvement funds), zoning and land use (which defines county’s authority to obtain, hold, and sell public land or expropriation); in roads, bridges, and transportation (analyzes the system of construction, maintenance, and improvement of road system); in recreation, leisure, and culture (county’s powers in the creation of parks and recreational facilities as well as its function to create facilities empowered by the government). Moreover, in terms of public safety, health, and sanitation (county has the authority to perform procedures about public safety like fire protection, and power to promote public health through construction of health departments, hospitals, and ambulance services). However, the role of a county does not

Workshop Report (Analysis of the Mediation Exercise) Essay

Workshop Report (Analysis of the Mediation Exercise) - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to analyze what occurred in the mediation between Glen Ford and William Holden using a particular element of the models/frameworks presented during the workshop, including a description of a particular intervention dynamic that occurred during the mediation and how it affected the course of the mediation (Fisher & Ury, 1991 and Charlton & Dewdney, 2004). The conflict started out because a formerly successful partnership between Ford and Holden had reached an unhappy point. Holden feels that Ford is too old to drive and is concerned that he has had an accident in the recent past. Furthermore, Holden feels upset that Ford has spent a great deal of time on television appearances rather than improving his driving abilities. On the other side, Ford believes that Holden does not understand the importance of working the fans and building sponsorships. He feels that racing is not all about driving as fast as one can in circles; rather that money is attracted by obtaining the best sponsors and the best fan base. Currently, their sponsors are upset with their dispute and are threatening to withdraw sponsorship. In order to avoid going to court, the parties agreed to have a mediation session in an attempt to settle their dispute. In this mediation session, the model used was facilitative mediation. With facilitative mediation, the process is the focus of the agenda. The parties in this case work out their own dispute with little interaction from the mediator other than general guidance. The mediator plays the role of a facilitator rather than as an individual that provides a great deal of advice or suggestions. Even though this model does not require that the mediator have any knowledge of the dispute before the mediation process begins, in this particular case the mediator did have knowledge of the situation at hand before the mediation process started (Fisher & Ury, 1991 and Charlton & Dewdney, 2004). The Type of Negotiation As far as the type of negotiation that was made in the course of this process, it was relationship building. In this type of negotiation, the parties are likely to move on to a long-term relationship based on the results of the mediation, even if the basis of this process has yet to be determined. Although this type of negotiation often results in a positive relationship being built after the mediation process has concluded, that relationship must be managed carefully in order to prevent further disputes from arising in the future. Both parties must have a great deal of knowledge and skills in order to make this type of negotiation work (Fisher & Ury, 1991 and Charlton & Dewdney, 2004). The Mediation Process The first step of the mediation process was to start the mediation by introducing myself and stating that I held a neutral position. Then, I explained the process of mediation according to the mediation flow: mediator's opening, parties' statements and issue identification, exploration, possible private sessions, joint discussion and ways forward, crafting terms and conditions, and closure. I listened to and outlined that statements and concerns from both sides, asking for a summary as well as why, how, and when. I then spoke to each party individually to determine any concerns that they may have and not want to say in front of

The Revolution in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Revolution in America - Essay Example In the evening of 26th August 1765, the home of the Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor and Chief Justice Thomas Hutchinson was attacked by a mob from Boston while he was eating dinner with his family. The group broke into his home and looted and stole a large number of possessions from there, however, the Hutchinson family manages to escape just in time to avoid a bloody disaster. The Stamp Act Congress was formed and met in New York where the conflict that took place in Virginia was resolved and this paved the way for the first united coalition of the North American colonies. A new series of colonial taxes followed suit in 1767 called the Townshend Duties and would be accepted by the colonists as they were in charge of controlling trade. In Boston, things had not been faring well as a Non-Importation Agreement was issued by the merchants and traders with a condition of not importing anything that was manufactured and came from Great Britain in order to protest against the taxes, spec ifically the Townshend Duties that had been levied by the Parliament. In 1768, the Boston riots broke out as John Hancock’s ship was attacked by the British royal troops, for having violated laws relating to trade. This made the Parliament strict in its attitude and posted more British troops near the ports and waters in order to regulate the law; however, these stationed troops were soon hassled by Bostonians and led to the death of some troops. It soon became a massacre as more and more people began to get involved and this entire episode.... He assembled people to raid the British and destroy their forts and buildings as a sign of protest. Before this however, in November 1763, a group known as the Paxton Boys that consisted of half a hundred Scottish and Irish men, massacred a formidably large Indian population in Pennsylvania and blamed the state government of being lenient and biased towards the natives. This enraged them and they aimed for equality, thus displaying their wants through a series of attacks. The British were extremely powerful and counter attacked Pontiac and his tribes which led to signing of the Proclamation of 1763 which forbade any American colonist from settling on Native American territory unless he had permission to do so by the means of either purchase or treaty. All these incidents led to the end of salutary neglect and subsequently, in April of 1763, the First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer took office in London – George Grenville. In the year 1764, he enforced the Navigation Act and also passed the Sugar Act according to which sugar would then be taxable as three pennies on molasses so that the costs that were incurred by the British government during the war with France could be undertaken in the form of payment and recovered so that the benefits would ultimately go to England. The colonial Americans however were taken aback by the amount of tax on the sugar molasses and expected it to be two pence per piece at the most because of which they began to then protest in order to remain in business. Apart from this, he also enforced the Currency Act by which he stopped the circulation of paper currency; the Stamp Act as per which taxes were imposed on printed materials; and the Quartering Act by which

The Keynesian Neoclassical Synthesis Economics Essay

The Keynesian Neoclassical Synthesis Economics Essay Introduction Economics A study which involve the understanding on how well a countrys economy on a Macro scale whereby it look at the GDP, national output, inflation rate and unemployment. The other side will be the Micro scale of the economy, which is the study of the composition of output such as the supply and demand for individual goods and services, how they are traded in markets and patterns of their relative prices. The beginning of economics started in year 1776 from Adam Smith, the first economist, which he came out with a theory Classical Economics follow by Keynesian Economics created by John Maynard Keynes as he put forward a book The general Theory of Employment, interest and Money, Published in 1936 in response to the Great Depression of the 1930s. (Skousen 2007, 3-9) Neoclassical synthesis was then created by John Hicks 1937 (on his IS/LM Curve) However, it was only popularize by Paul Samuelson (1948) with his textbook Economics which Paul Samuelson (Economist 2011). Which make him awarded the second Nobel Prize for Economics in 1970. However, this model falls out of favor in the 1960s. This paper will be explaining in depth on the KNS model on it strength and weakness, follow by a critical analysis on this model. What make this model failed in the 1960s and what aspects have remained in the current model of the Keynesian Neoclassical Synthesis. Keynesian Neoclassical Synthesis As we know this theory basically come from John hicks on his IS/LM curve on his article in the 1937 and popularize by Paul Samuelson with his famous textbook Economics in 1948. The Keynesian Neoclassical Synthesis is created after the World War II as the war had is the roots cause of the financial and economics to collapse. The Great Depression in the post 1930 was the result after the World War II. The Keynesian approach to the macroeconomics in the neoclassical theory and the importance of a mixed economy was stressed in John Maynard Keynes Book: The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. He believes that having a balance between both micro and macro can provide a balance to the system. Beside that the Keynesian approach to the macroeconomics into the neoclassical theory had also help most part in the western world to regain supreme. Keynesian neoclassical Synthesis major idea was to have government management to be involved in order to control recessions or economics depressions. The model believes that government intervention could be the most effective at time of economic depression under the private sector of the economy. For example at time of low demand or high unemployment, they believe that government management could help the economy to stimulate in boosting employment and control inflation. Hence, to reduce unemployment and control inflation is the key objective under the KNS model. The model believe the by government increase their spending can be seen as a reduction in the interest rates and an investment infrastructure to be the most effect role of the government in order to boost the economy when it is on the down side. The theory also believes that by government involvement could create an economics positive feedback cycle. For example government investment would create employment as more workers are required, more workers mean more income and more income increases the spending, which also increase production and with more production needed, unemployment will decrease and more jobs available so on and so forth. However, Keynesian agreed that government involvement is required to achieve in reducing unemployment and also control inflation. There are numbers of economists who are concerned with the KNS model, namely the effectives of the market mechanism in generating stable full employment equilibrium without the involvement of the government. This is still in the debate between economists. Main feature of the KNS Model Upon the born of KNS model, the model itself have a couple of important features and point which this model explained. The points will be explained in the below paragraph. Money one of the most important factors among the economy. Keynesian believe that money is not neutral as compared to the thinking under the classical theory where it believe the money does not impact consumer behavior, employment and output. Money is treated as endogenous. (Gail M. Hoyt 2012, 642) However, under the classical model it argue that money is neutral where people only hold money for transactions motive and if they are not doing any transactions the money will then be use for investment with the assumption that a rational person would not hold money if they are not using them for transactions or investment purposes. (Net 2009 2011) The question is how true this is? Under the KNS model is disagree with the classical model where people do keep their money and not spending them all way under several reasons: Uncertainly for the future, interest rates, liquidity and animal spirits. These factor will then be explained in the below paragraph. Why the model falls out of favor in 1960s? 500 800 What aspects have survived in contemporary model? 300 Summary 300 words

E.P Thompsons The making of the English Working Class Essay -- Thomps

E.P Thompson's The making of the English Working Class From looking at The making of the English Working Class it seems quite obvious that E.P Thompson’s main arguments throughout his book are about the notion of ‘class’, in particular the ‘making of the working class’ ; and in order to evaluate his theories we must attempt to look at other historians opinions about his book, and his suggested theories, in order to come to an impartial evaluation. Many historians have their own interpretations when trying to define class, like Bourke who links class to characteristics such as accent, clothing; Marx who states that class was ‘no more or less than an objective social category’; and E.P.Thompson’s definition, that class happens ‘as a result of class conscious experience.’ Therefore it is quite clear that class is a contested concept as there is no exact definition, thus making it more difficult for historians to come to a conclusion with evidence to prove it. The Making of the English Working Class is according to Kaye and McClelland, ‘the obligatory starting point for any contemporary discussion of the history of the working-class formation.’ This gives us the indication that Thompson had not just written another piece on the concepts of class but that his book ‘opened interpretive eyes to a new way of seeing class.’ In his book Thompson’s main purpose was to write adjacent to the grain of economic history by implying that ‘the working class did not rise like the sun at the appointed time. It was present in its own making.’ In this we can see how Thompson seems to envoke the working class experience in a vivid way, which is arguably one of the reasons why his book received such appraise. However his book also received much criticism, as Kaye and McClelland point that his ‘own theory of how class formation is determined remains highly ambiguous.’ This suggests that perhaps Thompson did not go into specific detail on how class was formed and when, which remains a highly debated topic. The fact that Thompson argues ‘thus the working- class presence was, in 1832, the most significant factor in British political life’, is argued by the Marxist historian Anderson, that class was not specifically made in the 1830’s due to its decline, but was perhaps made in the 1880’s. The fact that he insinuates that the English working class was not ‘made’ by the ... ...analysed the ‘master narrative’ in order to come to the conclusion that ‘the terminology of class was not the favoured language of radicals in Thompson’s period and after, rather the construct ‘the people’ predominated and tended towards inclusiveness and harmony between classes.’ From looking at various historians opinions regarding E.P.Thompson’s book The making of the English Working Class, it is quite evident that there are many opposing views about his work that have led to many criticisms as well as many appraisals. The topic of class is highly debatable due to the fact there is no specific definition of it. It is also debateable where it originated from and so we cannot just look at one historian’s interpretation of the subject but we need to look at many in order to come to our own conclusions of the concept of ‘class consciousnesses and ‘class identity’. Thompson has produced an ‘outstanding’ interpretation of his theories on what made the working class and many historians have made valid criticisms that allow us to question some of his main arguments within the book, meaning that the notion of class is still a contested concept for which there is no specific answer.

Final Reflection

The most important lesson I feel I have learned from this course was in Week 1, when we discussed the value of keeping an open mind and viewing all aspects of a problem or situation from multiple perspectives versus limiting myself to my own perspective. Being able to apply what I have learned about creating strong arguments will make me more confident in writing research and persuasive papers for college.It will also undoubtedly assist me in any future career. I will be more able to confidently defend or argue my points of views and opinions in an unbiased way. This will, in turn, make me an overall better communicator. From the beginning of this course I have applied what I learned to the way I approached life in general and it has allowed me to better understand other people.Since Week 1, I have tried to implement what I learned from the â€Å"This Is Water† video ND I am happy to say it has already started to change my life for the better. Although I have always known it w as best to view life In this way, PHI 103 has pushed me to be more aware of my thought processes. There Is a huge different between knowing or understanding something and putting it to practice. My goals are to keep increasing my awareness of other perspectives and to continue being objective upon approaching any argument.

Christmas Story essays

Christmas Story essays A few years ago there was a fortuneteller living next to my house. From what I remembered she was very famous, her predictions were very accurate as there were so many people visiting her everyday. I heard that she had used a very big crystal ball to tell fortune. I was so afraid to visit her house until one day... It was Christmas Eve, my mother asked me to bring a gift to the fortuneteller next door. At first I did not want to go but somehow I knocked on her door with a small wrapped gift. There was a very kind and young lady answered the door. After introducing myself I asked for the fortune telling lady. She replied she was the person that I was trying to find. I was so surprised as I thought the fortune telling lady must be a tough and old lady. She thanked me for the gift and asked me for a snack with her. Her name was Lucy, from what she told me she inherited the fortune telling crystal ball from her mother, whom was very ill. I noticed that it was very late already. I thanked her for the snack and ready to leave. She said she appreciated our kindness so much that she was going to perform a free fortune telling for me. I was so excited that I did not know what to ask for. We went into a room with only a table and 2 chairs. A crystal ball was sitting at the middle of the table, coving b y veil. We both took a seat and she said the crystal ball would be able to answer any question, from the past to the future. I was so nervous, didnt know what I should ask. Finally I asked the ball, Tell me what the world is going to be after 3000 years. There was sudden flash from the ball and there was nothing in the ball except darkness. Lucy was surprised too, she said it should be showing something, not just darkness. Then she said, The reason why there was nothing in the ball was 3000 later, there will be no lights in this planet. She further explained that it seems that a huge layer of dusk and pollutants ...

Zhidao - I Know in Mandarin Chinese

Zhidao - I Know in Mandarin Chinese When learning a new language and practicing it with native speakers, you often need to indicate your knowledge of the topic. In Mandarin you use zhÄ «dao (know) and bà ¹ zhÄ «do (don’t know). These are used as you would expect if translated directly from English. If you get asked a question, the most natural way of saying you dont know is  wÇ’Â  bà ¹ zhÄ «do (I don’t know). ZhÄ «dao is made up of two characters: çŸ ¥Ã© â€œ. The first character çŸ ¥ (zhÄ «) means to know,† or â€Å"to be aware† and the second character é â€œ (do) means â€Å"truth,† or â€Å"principle.† Do also means â€Å"direction† or â€Å"path† and in this context it forms the first character of â€Å"Daoism† (Taoism). Pleas note that this word is also commonly pronounced with a neutral tone on the second syllable, so both  zhÄ «dao and zhÄ «do are common. Examples of Zhidao QÇ ngwà ¨n, sheà ­ zhÄ «dao nÇŽli yÇ’u yà ³ujà º?è «â€¹Ã¥â€¢ , è ª °Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã© â€œÃ¥â€œ ªÃ¨ £ ¡Ã¦Å"‰éÆ' µÃ¥ ±â‚¬?è ¯ ·Ã©â€" ®, è ° Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã© â€œÃ¥â€œ ªÃ©â€¡Å'æÅ"‰é‚ ®Ã¥ ±â‚¬?Excuse me, does anyone know where the post office is?WÇ’ bà ¹ zhÄ «do.我ä ¸ Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã© â€œÃ¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ ¸ Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã© â€œI don’t know. There are more words that have a similar meaning in Mandarin, so lets look at how  zhÄ «do related to words like 明ç™ ½ (mà ­ngbai) and ä ºâ€ Ã¨ § £ (liÇŽojiÄ›). Both these are better translated as understand, compared to just knowing about something.  Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã§â„¢ ½ (mà ­ngbai) has the added meaning that something is not just understood, but also clear. This is typically used to ask if someone understands something that was just explained or to express that you understand what your teacher just explained. ZhÄ «do is more commonly used when you just want to say that you have noted a fact someone mentioned or that youre aware of something. Update:  This article was significantly updated by  Olle Linge  on May 7thth, 2016.

History of Anthropological Thought - Functionalism and Marxist Anthrop Essay

History of Anthropological Thought - Functionalism and Marxist Anthropology - Essay Example The word 'mangu' means 'witchcraft' and to some extent witchcraft and sorcery are alike. Both have general purposes, but their practices are different. Witchcraft was said to be a 'psychic power which often inherited, it can be activated if the owner became angry or jealous, and this power is normally unconscious as well as limited to those with the substance in their body. Sorcery is skill, which can be learnt by anyone and can be passed on through study. This skill also knows as "black magnetic" which can be defined as the evil use of medicines' (Evans-Pritchard, 1937, p.42). Both are used for destructive private ends against the lives and possessions of law-abiding people. The centre of this book is the three oracles of the Azande in Sudan. These being in the order of decreasing significance: the poison oracle, the termite oracle, and the rubbing board oracle. Amongst the Azande, witchcraft is viewed as the main hazard. They are sure that witchcraft can be inherited and that a person can be a mage, making others harm, without understanding her or his impact. Anthropologists have had the long disagreement concerning the nature and importance of beliefs in witchcraft and magic and, in particular, concerning the rationality of the witchcraft beliefs. Evans-Prichard underlines that they are rational since they are very utilitarian an, they are the mighty mechanism of the social top of a hierarchy. Evans-Pritchard provides a sociological model of such beliefs, he proves that they are what the chief needs to maintain submission and keep people in constant fear. That is the importance of such beliefs for the whole community; without them, the structure if the community itself will be destroyed, and a community would parish to the extent of values and culture. In addition, beliefs are important since they explain to them many things and give the image of the person who is 'omnipotent' and who can help in any trouble as well as make a great harm.           Ã‚  

Coaching Principles and Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Coaching Principles and Practice - Essay Example Many coaches never make a conscious decision regarding the coaching method(s) they adopt or could adopt. Often coaches adopt methods they experienced as athletes, or as a consequence of watching other coaches, maybe as a spectator, or as an assistant coach. This approach to learning how to coach is often called the apprentice model because the learning occurs 'on the job' and at the side of a more experienced coach. This model may work well if the exemplary coach is a quality coach and has the time to spend with the apprentice coach, but many times this is not the case and the result is that undesirable coaching practices continue to be reproduced. The work of Tinning et al. (1993) reminds against slipping into the belief that methods exist separately from the coach, and that they can be simply implemented unproblematically by the coach. Coaching is a social practice, and this implies the involvement of the whole person, in relation to specific activities as well as social communities. Thus, methods can be viewed not as a â€Å"set of strategies which can be successfully or unsuccessfully implemented by a teacher [read coach], they are more like a set of beliefs about the way certain types of learning can best be achieved. They are as many statements about valued forms of knowledge as they are about procedures for action†. The direct method of coaching involves the coach to do the following: †¢ Providing the information and direction to the group/individual †¢ Controlling the flow of information... Often coaches adopt methods they experienced as athletes, or as a consequence of watching other coaches, maybe as a spectator, or as an assistant coach. This approach to learning how to coach is often called the apprentice model because the learning occurs 'on the job' and at the side of a more experienced coach. This model may work well if the exemplar coach is a quality coach and has the time to spend with the apprentice coach, but many times this is not the case and the result is that undesirable coaching practices continue to be reproduced. The work of Tinning et al. (1993) reminds against slipping into the belief that methods exist separately from the coach, and that they can be simply implemented unproblematically by the coach. Coaching is a social practice, and this implies the involvement of the whole person, in relation to specific activities as well as social communities. Thus, methods can be viewed not as a "set of strategies which can be successfully or unsuccessfully implemented by a teacher [read coach], they are more like a set of beliefs about the way certain types of learning can best be achieved. They are as much statements about valued forms of knowledge as they are about procedures for action" (Tinning et al. 1993, p. 123). Characteristics of Coaching Methods Direct Method The direct method of coaching involves the coach to do the following: Providing the information and direction to the group/individual Controlling the flow of information Privileging the demonstration, (it can be given by the coach or the athlete, or be on video) (Kirk et al. 1996) Giving little recognition to the diverse needs of the athletes Behaving in ways that can be categorised as managerial and organisational Setting goals that are specific

Corporate social responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Corporate social responsibility - Essay Example Some theorists as well as practitioners describe CSR as a form of corporate compliance with the spirit and the letter of the law; or, as a business approach that takes into account the manner in which the organization’s activities impacts upon its different stakeholders (Nehme & Wee, 2008:129). Pursuant to its legal mandate, CSR is seen as a condition where the corporation acts as a free agent of the state, to the extent that the expressed social objectives are imposed on the corporation by law (Manne & Wallich, 1972, p. 40). On the other hand, more than just compliance with legal mandate, CSR is also thought to pertain to the corporation’s efforts above and beyond regulatory requisites, in effect finding an equilibrium between the needs of stakeholders on one hand, and those of making a profit for the investors in the other (Nehme & Wee, 2008:132). CSR is â€Å"[a] concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis† (European Commission, in Nehme & Wee, 2008:131). CSR, from a market viewpoint, has been identified as a source of competitive advantage, as the company explores ways of approaching and engaging with their stakeholders (Corporation and Market Advisory Committee, 2006). â€Å"CSR is the result, implicit or explicit, of the nature of a firm, its role in society, and its relationships with its internal and external stakeholders† (Argandoà ±a and Hoivik, 2009, p. 229). The same activities, it is observed, may be undertaken whatever theory is adopted, as even community-focused activities may actually be undertaken in the service of corporate interests – a form of market development effort. Nevertheless, embarking on these activities which do not directly comprise the company’s main business operations are taken to be external manifestations of the company’s CSR program. Ever since the advent of

US Correctional System Essay Example for Free

US Correctional System Essay A correctional system is a network of legal agencies with granted authority to make pronouncements on legal issues geared toward administration of justice within a prison setting or a parole system. The goals of this system are to punish the perpetrators of criminal activities through various mechanisms, to protect the general population from harms associated with crimes, and finally to transform criminals into responsible, law abiding and productive citizens through well structured rehabilitation programs. This paper will focus on how the correctional system is utilized to achieve the above mentioned objectives and investigate which strategy between punishment and rehabilitation is the most effective in reducing crime. Punishment of those proved guilty of bleaching the law is a major goal of the correctional system and serves as a deterrent against one repeating an offence in addition to suppressing criminal thoughts of others who might be contemplating evil (eHow, Inc, 2010). A good number of mechanisms are applied and incarceration is the most common. It entails imprisonment or confinement of criminals in facilities such as prisons, local jails for persons convicted in state courts, federal prisons for those convicted in federal courts, and several residential institutions including training schools for juveniles. Another form of punishment is probation which is a sentencing option for offences of lesser magnitude and offers a second chance to first time offenders to reconstruct their behavior. Criminals who serve under this sentence have been convicted of crimes but have served only a part of the sentence in prison or not at all. Persons on probation are required by the court to adhere to certain conditions and guidelines under the supervision of a probation officer. These conditions include abiding to a curfew, living at a specified place or not leaving the jurisdiction at all, subjection to community service, and obeying the orders of the probation officer among other conditions. Probation can be seen as a suspension of a sentence during which, the offender is accorded liberty conditioned on behavior change with the state having the obligation of assisting the offender to maintain commendable conduct (Sutherland, Cressey Luckenbill, 1992). Death penalty as a form of punishment was re-instated in 1976 and it is almost exclusively used for crimes of murder (Bryant, 2003). Over the course of time, several amendments on this law have been made with several states implementing new laws which allow death sentence for the rape of a minor. Other statutes allow death penalty for non-murder crimes including treason, placing a bomb near a bus terminal, aircraft hijacking, and drug trafficking, among others. Different methods of execution have been prescribed by the federal government and the 37 states that have statutes allowing death penalty (Regoli Hewitt, 2009). These methods are electrocution, lethal injection, firing squad, hanging, and lethal gas, though no states provide for either of the last three as the sole method of execution. Rehabilitation is an approach entrenched within the correctional system and is meant to punish offenders in a more positive way with the understanding that the offenders are sick and require gradual cure and reconstruction of their moral and social discipline before their release. This strategy is taken to be an effective mechanism of shifting a criminal from being a liability to the society to being an asset. It can be accomplished through vocational training, drug rehabilitation treatment, and counseling (eHow, Inc, 2010). Vocational training for instance offers criminals a chance to acquire a variety of job skills which consequently shapes them into productive members of the society and helps them to fight hopelessness, lack, and low self esteem which they might be struggling to overcome. Counseling is also a viable method of rehabilitating criminals and can be done either individually or in groups. Group counseling aims at triggering a positive influence among criminals by sharing the wide niche of experience from its members. Group activities and interactions also help significantly in providing solutions to the problems among peers such as how to break links of ealier relationships with undesirable people. Drug addiction and alcoholism is also a menace that has jeopardized cohesive existence and has threatened state security. There are a staggering number of drug rehab centres whose goal is to assist drug addicts and alcoholics heal physically, mentally, socially and spiritually and re-establish themselves in a drug and alcohol-free setting (treatment- links. net, 2010). To a great extent, capital punishment and long term imprisonments play a significant role as deterrent and incapacitation approaches against crimes. However, these strategies do not serve to heal the society from all facets of social relationships. According to Braithwaite, a legal system that relies on punishing criminals as the major approach of curbing crime, is destined for failure since it does not incorporate the voice of the victim (2002). From my point of view, the rehabilitation approach carries a lot of potential in reducing criminal activities as it provides the criminal with a second chance of becoming a better and resourceful person through acquisition of skills and advice that fits his or her needs. Rehabilitation scores a major goal of ensuring that the offender gets a chance of acquiring some form of education, phsycological support, and treatment in case of drug addiction. Consequently, this can be more effective in eradicating the urge to go back to criminal activities. In addition, rehabilitation generates a sense of healing and new life both to the offender and to the community after successful reformation. With regard to punishment, fear of being punished does not offer any better solution to criminal activities Braithwaite(2002). Rehabilitation therefore goes an extra mile in meeting the goals of the correctional system. References Braithwaite, J. ( 2002). Restorative justice and responsive regulation. Newyork: Oxford University Press US. Bryant, C. (2003). Handbook of Death and Dying. New Orleans: SAGE. eHow, Inc. (2010).Role of the Correctional System. Retrieved June 4, 2010, from http://www. ehow. com/about_5087269_role-correctional-system. html Regoli, R. , Hewitt, J. (2009). Exploring Criminal Justice: The Essentials. Boston: Jones Bartlett Learning. Sutherland, E. H. , Cressey, D. R. , Luckenbill, D. (1992). Principles of criminology. Newyork : Rowman Altamira. treatment-centers. net. (2010). Drug Addiction Treatment Centers, Alcohol Rehab Programs, Dual Diagnosis and Addiction Treatment Resources. Retrieved June 4, 2010, from http://www. treatment-centers. net/

Comparison of Post War Poetry

Comparison of Post War Poetry Write an essay comparing John Agards, ‘In Times of Peace, and Fred DAguiars, ‘War on Terror: The post-war Caribbean Diaspora, and its attending aesthetic rise in poetics, is rooted in a celebration of paradox in the disorientation and anxiety of a conflicted cultural identity, and consequentially, the self-examination and inspection it provokes. John Agard and Fred dAguiar are no exception as both are of Guyanese origin, and both find themselves exploring the present in Britain, a present submerged in social and political turbulence to which the war in Afghanistan is inextricably linked. We find ourselves in a divided Age, wherein troubadours and poets no longer scribble from a faraway trench nor enlist at all, but instead fight in a socio-political arena against seemingly endless cavalries of disillusionment and bureaucratic control. The stanzaic Rebel-Yell is, today, battling alienation on a pseudo-home front orchestrated by vast and impersonal forces, and as a result Fred dAguiars proclamation, that â€Å"home is always elsewhere†, speaks volumes for our current c ondition. Agard and dAguiar, poets capable of fusing deep imagination with cultural and political realities, seem at once relevant voices in their potential to shed light from a paradoxical insider-and-outsider perspective. Traditionally, Agard and dAguiar have displayed firm grasps on iconoclastic satire and political criticism. Their poems, ‘In Times of Peace and ‘War on Terror, respectively, stay true to this tradition while sharing many other themes including; the psychological impact of modern warfare, dislocation, ambiguity, transience, and more. For every similarity however, there are differences, most profoundly in tone. Where ‘War on Terror is overwhelmingly elegiac with overtones of nostalgic resignation, ‘In Times of Peace seems defiant and provocative. Through these and other varied vehicles, the poems arrive with the same didactic intention of moving us into a vital awareness and inquisitiveness. Even at a first glance, the structural differences between the two poems are as striking as they are reflective, in that we are faced with the juxtaposition of dAguiars aesthetic minimalism and Agards erudite precision. In ‘War on Terror, the total exclusion of punctuation acts out the role of persistent catalyst for interpretation. The lack of direction created, while being profoundly symbolic of the convoluted war itself, also provokes an active readership in which the audience is forced into subjectively expressing the framework of the poem. This provocative absence almost constructs a dialogue between reader and poet, a poetic conversation and revelation free of political rhetoric but instead promoting personal understanding and endless possibilities for expression. Along with this understanding though, extreme ambiguity the ‘fog of war is ever-present and is only accentuated by the final non-conclusion. The fact that the last line is left open-ended leaves an after -taste of â€Å"nightmare†2 discomfort, wherein the ambiguously prosperous war remains unanswered for and closure is left unfound; thus this purposeful omission aims for a metaphorical rereading and search for answers. In contrast, John Agards deliberate inclusion of question-marks as the only punctuation lends to a more direct approach whereby he automatically denies any degree of finality or certainty, but in its place offers us the right questions. This careful placement, in conjunction with an apocalyptic ‘falling trochaic metre, draws attention to the gravity of the questions being asked, or the questions that should be asked and answered. Tension seems to rise as ‘In Times of Peace progresses along a series of internal-rhymes, with each quatrain growing closer to a complete Canzone verse a relatively archaic form traditionally reserved for the tragic, comic or elegiac in subject; and is therefore not out of place here. In this way, as the rigidity of Agards confrontation symbolises the homogenous production-lines of Capitalist war, dAguiars free-verse compliments the lack of punctuation in projecting a disquieting awareness of entropy3. Both poems display a deviant anaphora, with equally significant effects. In ‘War on Terror the repetition of â€Å"as long as†2, and more consistently, â€Å"long†2, serves both to provide changing states of time and perspective, and to emphasize the severity of the paradoxical â€Å"shorter†2 in the final stanza. The theme of Time and transience is abundant throughout, with the first and second stanzas introducing a conceit paradox that will be elaborated upon gradually until echoing indefinitely in the open-ended stanzaic non-conclusion. Before doing so however, the somewhat surrealistic inclinations of â€Å"paint behind the eyeballs†2 and plethora of functioning tropes succeed in defamiliarizing the reader from the mass-media-desensitization to ongoing war, so to give way to the abrupt and dire realities where â€Å"nightmares paint†2 Post Traumatic Stress disorders and the next generation dies for todays conflict â€Å"in their sleepâ₠¬ 2. The sense of time and relative transience is propelled by the changing metaphors and perspectives of short long, of â€Å"as long as a piece of string†2 contradicted by â€Å"no longer than a piece of string†2, of â€Å"as long as nightmares†2 juxtaposed with the evanescence of â€Å"paint†2. Mutually, ‘In Times of Peace uses the complexities of Time within the words, â€Å"begin†, â€Å"all there is†, â€Å"wilting†1, and urgent questioning of â€Å"are eyes ready†1, to create a sense of immediacy. Anaphora in Agards poem comes in the form of quantifiers and adverbs (â€Å"that†, â€Å"how†, â€Å"when†1) at the beginning of lines, enabling continuity of the inquisition. Figurative use of grammar is likewise found in dAguiars elegy as, in the final stanza, possessive pronouns of â€Å"this†, â€Å"our† and â€Å"their†2 are wielded to illustrate identity and allegiance â €Å"this war in this time under this government†2 not only projects a feeling of detachment and sterile anonymity, but the inclusion of â€Å"under†2 proposes a deeper anomie, oppression and inhumanity. Contrastingly, â€Å"our children†2 evokes a possessive responsibility just as, â€Å"their sleep†2 exemplifies a human right to self-ownership (of fate). The theme of inhumanity, or even sub-humanity, is moreover exposed when the only alliteration, a signpost for natural fluency and regularity, can be found in the nostalgic â€Å"tamarind tree† and â€Å"child crying†2. Furthermore, the incongruous imagery of â€Å"radar† and â€Å"whale†2 is rooted in irony, subjectively interpreted as a comparison between the natural purity of the whale, and the disturbing ‘new nature of technological man. This metaphor finds its feet most dramatically in Agards commentary, where the conceit metaphor throughout is that of modern-man cha nging or devolving into something unrecognisable. Via anatomical referencing of â€Å"finger†, â€Å"skin†, â€Å"feet†, â€Å"bodies†, â€Å"hearts†, â€Å"human arms†, â€Å"ears†, and â€Å"eyes†1, Agard contemplates the long-term impact of cross-generational war on human nature4. The alliteration of â€Å"at home in heavy boots†1 brings us to question whether the nature of modern humanity is rooted and reliant on war, leading onto our â€Å"stepping over bodies†1 to draw attention to ruthless Capitalist careerism, and finally questioning how we will â€Å"cope with a bubble bath†1 and whether terminal damage has been done and the notion of ‘peace is no longer relevant, but has been reduced to obscurity, to theory and vagrant optimism. Alliteration is present again in the orality of â€Å"bullets blood†1, but as if awakening in a violent realisation the fluency is halted abruptly by the line -ending â€Å"rush†1. These dystopian visions remain central to the satirical and sceptical comparisons of index fingers with â€Å"skin†, â€Å"feet† with â€Å"foam†, â€Å"arms† with the ironic â€Å"death of weapons†, and â€Å"ears† with the romantically-natural imagery of â€Å"wings†1. Considering these interpretations, the audience can find echoes of Rousseauian6 humanism in both Agard and dAguiars outlook on an anaemic mechanised society. Within our psychological black comedy, our â€Å"Parade Sauvage†7, refuge can be found in the rarity that is the autonomous realm of poetry no social compromise is offered, no empty promise, but in their places stands a state of rare human equality and mutual exploration. John Agards ‘In Times of Peace bares the ugly reality of our ‘evolution into the modern Prometheus by veiling serious musings, of the notion of Peace as a still-tangible possibility or a faded and fellatious mirage, with a darkly comical satire. Fred dAguiars ‘War on Terror, a title made metaphorical by its origins in mass-media and governmental reasoning, reflects upon the long-term consequences of war and leaves, open-ended, the prospect of a predetermined and doomstruck fate for our next generation of children. Appendix: Notes: 1. From focus text, John Agards ‘In Times of Peace 2. From focus text, Fred dAguiars ‘War on Terror 3. The focus poems both mirror each other in a stanzaic capacity for debate, with ‘In Times of Peace separated into three thematic sections of ‘War vs. Civilian Life (first and second stanzas), ‘War vs. Love and Soul (third stanza), and ‘Traditional Nature vs. New Human Nature (fourth and fifth stanzas). Fred dAguiars ‘War on Terror can be stanzaically split into two balanced faces of paradoxical Time, ‘the Indefinite (first and second couplets) and ‘the Definite (fourth and fifth couplets). 4. â€Å"The number of former servicemen in prison or on probation or parole is now more than double the total British deployment in Afghanistan†, and an â€Å"Estimated 20,000 veterans are in the criminal justice system, with 8,500 behind bars, almost 1 in 10 of the prison population†. Travis, Alan, ‘Revealed: The Hidden Army in UK Prisons, The Guardian, 25 September 2009, p.1. 5. Roberts, Neil, A Companion to Twentieth-Century Poetry (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2001) pg. 583. 6. Rousseau, J.J, The Social Contract (London: Penguin Group, 1968). 7. Rimbaud, Arthur, Complete Works Selected Letters, Bilingual edn (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2005) pp. 314-317. Bibliography: Silkin, John, The Life of Metrical and Free Verse in Twentieth-Century Poetry (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997). Roberts, Neil, A Companion to Twentieth-Century Poetry (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2001). Lennard, John, The Poetry Handbook, 2nd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005). Rousseau, J.J, The Social Contract (London: Penguin Group, 1968). Focus Text: Approaching Poetry U67010 Module Handbook Semester 1, 2009-10: Agard, John, ‘In Times of Peace DAguiar, Fred, ‘War on Terror

White Attitudes Towards Nature Essay -- Racial Relations, Indian, Whit

In Luther Standing Bear’s â€Å"Nature† and Louis Owens’s â€Å"The American Indian Wilderness†, the authors dictate differences in Indian and white relationships with nature. They stress how Indians see nature, their balanced relationship with it, and how they know wilderness is just a European idea. Though agreeing here, Standing Bear focuses on the Lakota view of how Indians truly lived while Owens reveals both sides and thinks white views can shift with time. Standing Bear thinks the difference in how whites and Indians see nature stems from childhood. He believes Indian children are aware of nature because they have been taught to â€Å"become conscious of life† and spend time just observing the wild things around them (9). By seeing the world this way, their love and respect for it flourishes (Standing Bear 10). This appreciation sharply contrasts to ignorant whites who foolishly play as children, ignoring everything but each other, and grow up disregarding the knowledge nature gives and viewing it only as something to use. He says whites are bored with nature because they do not have the â€Å"Indian point of view† (11). This distance whites have from nature harms their relationship with nature and humans, making them less compassionate when they do not see that â€Å"man’s heart, away from nature, becomes hard† (12). Similarly, Owens says whites see nature differently because of childhood experiences. Instead of growing up in nature daily, white children go on sporadic vacations camping, and thus view nature as a tourist attraction instead of a second home. He states Indians embrace nature because it has a stronger family significance to them that whites do not see. Indians call the Cascades the â€Å"Great Mother† because of stories they have hear... ...e two races â€Å"could not understand each other† (Standing Bear 12). On the other hand, Owens has hope for whites because he did not grow up with Indian traditions. He has seen whites preserving nature when he was sent to burn the shed, so even though they do not yet understand it he has hope that they can one day appreciate it. Indians understand and value nature more than whites and these authors recognize that. They believe the trouble with white attitudes is they do not truly see nature or form a harmonious relationship with it, and whites think they can be separated from their idea of wilderness. Although Standing Bear is critical of whites and believes they will never change, Owens thinks they will if they continue to redefine how they view nature. Overall, both authors want whites to respect the Indian view of nature and aspire to see it that way also.