Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet Essay Example

Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet Paper Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet was a puritan wife and mother. However, her passion for literary creation was forced, moreover, to operate within the restraints and inhibitions of Puritanism. There is a conflict between Puritan theology and her own personal feelings on life reflected in many of her poems in which reveal her eternal conflict regarding her emotions and the beliefs of her religion. Puritan marriage normally was repressed so as not to distract their life from their devotion to God. In that time, women normally passed away before men. It was very common for men in that time to remarry rather quickly after the death of his wife to make sure the family is taken care of. However, Anne expressed the bond of love that binds humanity within the divine in her poems. â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband† conveys Anne Bradstreet’s strong love for her husband: â€Å"I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold†. The same poem also expresses her idea of everlasting love between their selves after life on earth which is normally not of typical Puritan belief: â€Å"That when we love no more, we may live ever†. We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And again, â€Å"A letter To Her Husband† communicates her strong love, passion, and unity with her husband: â€Å"If two be one, as surely though and I†. The quotes from her poems represented how much she did love and care for her husband in which was rather strong feelings for a Puritan relationship. Puritan’s also believed that God preordained those whom go to Heaven and that all mankind is stained by Adam and Eve’s sin. They believed everything was an act of providence. However, in â€Å"Upon The Burning of Our House† Anne expressed a genuine comfort of after life: A price so vast as is unknown Yet by His gift is made thine own; There’s wealth enough, I need no more, Farewell, my pelf, farewell my store, The world no longer let me love, My hope and treasure lies above. Anne Bradstreet also contradicts the belief of her puritan religion that all â€Å"little vipers† went to hell. Anne expressed in her poetry strong faith that her grandchildren went to heaven. â€Å"Sith thou art settled in an everlasting state† from her poem â€Å"In Memory Of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet† and †Go pretty babe, go rest with sister twain† from â€Å"On My Dear Grandchild Simon Bradstreet† reflect her belief that her grandchildren went to a peaceful place to rest referring to heaven. Puritans believed that women were to take care of their husband and children. They were not believed to be able to write and needed to be attending to their household chores. Anne Bradstreet commonly brought her frustration towards the way women were treated in her poetry particularly â€Å"The Prologue†. It becomes apparent in Anne’s poetry that she is bothered by cultural bias in her time: I am obnoxious to each carping tongue Who says my hand a needle better fits; A poet’s pen al scorn I should thus wrong For such despite they cast on female wits. If what I do prove well, it won’t advance; They’ll say it’s stol’n, or else it was by chance. She proclaims that no matter what men are always going to preside over women and achieve nobler acts just because they are of the dominant sex. She says that it is useless to fight it because â€Å"men can do best and women know it well. She is almost mocking men by saying that they think that they can do everything better then women and that they always make sure that women are aware of their mightiness. It is often seen in her poetry the emotional frustration that Anne feels in the way women are treated and looked upon. Anne Bradstreet’s emotional conflict with Puritan belief in regards to strong and everlasting love for her husband, certainty that her grandchildren went to heaven, and her frustration towards the way women were treated were all expressed with dignity in her poetry. Anne Bradstreets passion for literary creation was forced, moreover, to operate within the

Loving Ones Self essays

Loving One's Self essays One day, my friend Samantha and I were walking through a mall. I had just turned 17, and my grandparents sent me some birthday money to spend. Samantha and I went shopping that day. We entered various stores, either purchasing or just glancing around. We carried bags of purchases in and out of stores, but at this mall they had a policy that I had never heard of. When we entered stores, we had to put our bags of purchases from other stores behind the counter of the cashier. Sam and I were surprised at this. We asked the employees at each store why we must do this, unsure of this policy. They all told us the same thing, store policy. We did as we were asked and continued to walk around the store. We saw other groups of kids our age come in, and the same thing was done as well. As all of this was happening, two adults, older than us, more likely to be in their thirties, walked in as they pleased. They held their bags in their hands the whole time they were in the store, no q uestions asked. Many adults walked in without a problem. I couldnt understand what the meaning of this was. Little did I know I was facing a social oppression I was unaware of called adultism. Adultism is the oppression of young people that happens from the day they are born. It is based on age and is presented by the attitudes of adults who surround young people, such as teachers and parents. Adultism can result, or be expressed through many things, such as stereotyping young adults as lazy, mean, angry, and silly, not including young people into decisions made at home and in the classroom, and the failure of supporting young adults development by not being a positive influence or putting in time to talk to us and see what is going on in our lives today. Memmis theory of racism can be applied to adultism as well. There are many situations in which people face the same prejudices for being young adults tha...

County Government Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

County Government - Term Paper Example Hence, this paper seeks to explore the sphere of county government, and establishes facts on matters of a county government. Brief History of County Government Way back from the early years, a county or shire has already existed and established. A county is a political body or a division within the bounds of particular country. Tracing back to the English about a thousand years ago, counties have been serving a dual function: it acted as the administrative arm of the national government and regarded as citizen’s local government. In addition, along the eastern seaboard of North America, the structural form of the county was embraced and adopted by the colonists; they also acclimated its structure in order to better satisfy the needs of colonies geographically and economically (â€Å"Overview of County Government†). However, in the aftermath of World War I, what strengthened the role and function of each political subdivision are the factors such as suburban development, the government reform movement, and the increase in rate of population growth. In fact, these awesome developments opened the door for post World War II urbanization. Moreover, there were ‘catalysts’ that led in a new era for county government: the great changes in the structure of counties, appreciating revenues, greater freedom or autonomy from the states, and the stronger political accountability (â€Å"Overview of County Government†). Exploring County Government The term â€Å"county† has been widely used all over the world, and has given various definitions. One definition of county is that it is a political subdivision of a state, and power and importance of which varies from one state to another (â€Å"County†). It is created with a purpose and function, and role and objectives, though not all has functioning governments. In the United States, there are 3, 068 counties, and all of which differ greatly in range, population and other aspects. Counties are mechanisms for states to use in order to deliver programs within geographic limitations (DeSantis and Renner). To name some are the Arlington County, Va., North Slope Borough in Alaska, Loving County in Texas, and Los Angeles County in California. In addition, there are only forty-eight among the fifty states in the United States have operational county governments (â€Å"About Counties†). 1.1 Roles of County Government Counties are nothing without purpose and roles. What leads to the development of a country is mainly derived from counties. Where autonomy is given, counties perform several roles (Sellers 6.): county finance (which describes the procedure for the adoption of the budget legal taxes and assessment, and defines allowable debt limits and special funds like capital improvement funds), zoning and land use (which defines county’s authority to obtain, hold, and sell public land or expropriation); in roads, bridges, and transportation (analyzes the system of construction, maintenance, and improvement of road system); in recreation, leisure, and culture (county’s powers in the creation of parks and recreational facilities as well as its function to create facilities empowered by the government). Moreover, in terms of public safety, health, and sanitation (county has the authority to perform procedures about public safety like fire protection, and power to promote public health through construction of health departments, hospitals, and ambulance services). However, the role of a county does not

Workshop Report (Analysis of the Mediation Exercise) Essay

Workshop Report (Analysis of the Mediation Exercise) - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to analyze what occurred in the mediation between Glen Ford and William Holden using a particular element of the models/frameworks presented during the workshop, including a description of a particular intervention dynamic that occurred during the mediation and how it affected the course of the mediation (Fisher & Ury, 1991 and Charlton & Dewdney, 2004). The conflict started out because a formerly successful partnership between Ford and Holden had reached an unhappy point. Holden feels that Ford is too old to drive and is concerned that he has had an accident in the recent past. Furthermore, Holden feels upset that Ford has spent a great deal of time on television appearances rather than improving his driving abilities. On the other side, Ford believes that Holden does not understand the importance of working the fans and building sponsorships. He feels that racing is not all about driving as fast as one can in circles; rather that money is attracted by obtaining the best sponsors and the best fan base. Currently, their sponsors are upset with their dispute and are threatening to withdraw sponsorship. In order to avoid going to court, the parties agreed to have a mediation session in an attempt to settle their dispute. In this mediation session, the model used was facilitative mediation. With facilitative mediation, the process is the focus of the agenda. The parties in this case work out their own dispute with little interaction from the mediator other than general guidance. The mediator plays the role of a facilitator rather than as an individual that provides a great deal of advice or suggestions. Even though this model does not require that the mediator have any knowledge of the dispute before the mediation process begins, in this particular case the mediator did have knowledge of the situation at hand before the mediation process started (Fisher & Ury, 1991 and Charlton & Dewdney, 2004). The Type of Negotiation As far as the type of negotiation that was made in the course of this process, it was relationship building. In this type of negotiation, the parties are likely to move on to a long-term relationship based on the results of the mediation, even if the basis of this process has yet to be determined. Although this type of negotiation often results in a positive relationship being built after the mediation process has concluded, that relationship must be managed carefully in order to prevent further disputes from arising in the future. Both parties must have a great deal of knowledge and skills in order to make this type of negotiation work (Fisher & Ury, 1991 and Charlton & Dewdney, 2004). The Mediation Process The first step of the mediation process was to start the mediation by introducing myself and stating that I held a neutral position. Then, I explained the process of mediation according to the mediation flow: mediator's opening, parties' statements and issue identification, exploration, possible private sessions, joint discussion and ways forward, crafting terms and conditions, and closure. I listened to and outlined that statements and concerns from both sides, asking for a summary as well as why, how, and when. I then spoke to each party individually to determine any concerns that they may have and not want to say in front of

The Revolution in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Revolution in America - Essay Example In the evening of 26th August 1765, the home of the Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor and Chief Justice Thomas Hutchinson was attacked by a mob from Boston while he was eating dinner with his family. The group broke into his home and looted and stole a large number of possessions from there, however, the Hutchinson family manages to escape just in time to avoid a bloody disaster. The Stamp Act Congress was formed and met in New York where the conflict that took place in Virginia was resolved and this paved the way for the first united coalition of the North American colonies. A new series of colonial taxes followed suit in 1767 called the Townshend Duties and would be accepted by the colonists as they were in charge of controlling trade. In Boston, things had not been faring well as a Non-Importation Agreement was issued by the merchants and traders with a condition of not importing anything that was manufactured and came from Great Britain in order to protest against the taxes, spec ifically the Townshend Duties that had been levied by the Parliament. In 1768, the Boston riots broke out as John Hancock’s ship was attacked by the British royal troops, for having violated laws relating to trade. This made the Parliament strict in its attitude and posted more British troops near the ports and waters in order to regulate the law; however, these stationed troops were soon hassled by Bostonians and led to the death of some troops. It soon became a massacre as more and more people began to get involved and this entire episode.... He assembled people to raid the British and destroy their forts and buildings as a sign of protest. Before this however, in November 1763, a group known as the Paxton Boys that consisted of half a hundred Scottish and Irish men, massacred a formidably large Indian population in Pennsylvania and blamed the state government of being lenient and biased towards the natives. This enraged them and they aimed for equality, thus displaying their wants through a series of attacks. The British were extremely powerful and counter attacked Pontiac and his tribes which led to signing of the Proclamation of 1763 which forbade any American colonist from settling on Native American territory unless he had permission to do so by the means of either purchase or treaty. All these incidents led to the end of salutary neglect and subsequently, in April of 1763, the First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer took office in London – George Grenville. In the year 1764, he enforced the Navigation Act and also passed the Sugar Act according to which sugar would then be taxable as three pennies on molasses so that the costs that were incurred by the British government during the war with France could be undertaken in the form of payment and recovered so that the benefits would ultimately go to England. The colonial Americans however were taken aback by the amount of tax on the sugar molasses and expected it to be two pence per piece at the most because of which they began to then protest in order to remain in business. Apart from this, he also enforced the Currency Act by which he stopped the circulation of paper currency; the Stamp Act as per which taxes were imposed on printed materials; and the Quartering Act by which

The Keynesian Neoclassical Synthesis Economics Essay

The Keynesian Neoclassical Synthesis Economics Essay Introduction Economics A study which involve the understanding on how well a countrys economy on a Macro scale whereby it look at the GDP, national output, inflation rate and unemployment. The other side will be the Micro scale of the economy, which is the study of the composition of output such as the supply and demand for individual goods and services, how they are traded in markets and patterns of their relative prices. The beginning of economics started in year 1776 from Adam Smith, the first economist, which he came out with a theory Classical Economics follow by Keynesian Economics created by John Maynard Keynes as he put forward a book The general Theory of Employment, interest and Money, Published in 1936 in response to the Great Depression of the 1930s. (Skousen 2007, 3-9) Neoclassical synthesis was then created by John Hicks 1937 (on his IS/LM Curve) However, it was only popularize by Paul Samuelson (1948) with his textbook Economics which Paul Samuelson (Economist 2011). Which make him awarded the second Nobel Prize for Economics in 1970. However, this model falls out of favor in the 1960s. This paper will be explaining in depth on the KNS model on it strength and weakness, follow by a critical analysis on this model. What make this model failed in the 1960s and what aspects have remained in the current model of the Keynesian Neoclassical Synthesis. Keynesian Neoclassical Synthesis As we know this theory basically come from John hicks on his IS/LM curve on his article in the 1937 and popularize by Paul Samuelson with his famous textbook Economics in 1948. The Keynesian Neoclassical Synthesis is created after the World War II as the war had is the roots cause of the financial and economics to collapse. The Great Depression in the post 1930 was the result after the World War II. The Keynesian approach to the macroeconomics in the neoclassical theory and the importance of a mixed economy was stressed in John Maynard Keynes Book: The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. He believes that having a balance between both micro and macro can provide a balance to the system. Beside that the Keynesian approach to the macroeconomics into the neoclassical theory had also help most part in the western world to regain supreme. Keynesian neoclassical Synthesis major idea was to have government management to be involved in order to control recessions or economics depressions. The model believes that government intervention could be the most effective at time of economic depression under the private sector of the economy. For example at time of low demand or high unemployment, they believe that government management could help the economy to stimulate in boosting employment and control inflation. Hence, to reduce unemployment and control inflation is the key objective under the KNS model. The model believe the by government increase their spending can be seen as a reduction in the interest rates and an investment infrastructure to be the most effect role of the government in order to boost the economy when it is on the down side. The theory also believes that by government involvement could create an economics positive feedback cycle. For example government investment would create employment as more workers are required, more workers mean more income and more income increases the spending, which also increase production and with more production needed, unemployment will decrease and more jobs available so on and so forth. However, Keynesian agreed that government involvement is required to achieve in reducing unemployment and also control inflation. There are numbers of economists who are concerned with the KNS model, namely the effectives of the market mechanism in generating stable full employment equilibrium without the involvement of the government. This is still in the debate between economists. Main feature of the KNS Model Upon the born of KNS model, the model itself have a couple of important features and point which this model explained. The points will be explained in the below paragraph. Money one of the most important factors among the economy. Keynesian believe that money is not neutral as compared to the thinking under the classical theory where it believe the money does not impact consumer behavior, employment and output. Money is treated as endogenous. (Gail M. Hoyt 2012, 642) However, under the classical model it argue that money is neutral where people only hold money for transactions motive and if they are not doing any transactions the money will then be use for investment with the assumption that a rational person would not hold money if they are not using them for transactions or investment purposes. (Net 2009 2011) The question is how true this is? Under the KNS model is disagree with the classical model where people do keep their money and not spending them all way under several reasons: Uncertainly for the future, interest rates, liquidity and animal spirits. These factor will then be explained in the below paragraph. Why the model falls out of favor in 1960s? 500 800 What aspects have survived in contemporary model? 300 Summary 300 words

E.P Thompsons The making of the English Working Class Essay -- Thomps

E.P Thompson's The making of the English Working Class From looking at The making of the English Working Class it seems quite obvious that E.P Thompson’s main arguments throughout his book are about the notion of ‘class’, in particular the ‘making of the working class’ ; and in order to evaluate his theories we must attempt to look at other historians opinions about his book, and his suggested theories, in order to come to an impartial evaluation. Many historians have their own interpretations when trying to define class, like Bourke who links class to characteristics such as accent, clothing; Marx who states that class was ‘no more or less than an objective social category’; and E.P.Thompson’s definition, that class happens ‘as a result of class conscious experience.’ Therefore it is quite clear that class is a contested concept as there is no exact definition, thus making it more difficult for historians to come to a conclusion with evidence to prove it. The Making of the English Working Class is according to Kaye and McClelland, ‘the obligatory starting point for any contemporary discussion of the history of the working-class formation.’ This gives us the indication that Thompson had not just written another piece on the concepts of class but that his book ‘opened interpretive eyes to a new way of seeing class.’ In his book Thompson’s main purpose was to write adjacent to the grain of economic history by implying that ‘the working class did not rise like the sun at the appointed time. It was present in its own making.’ In this we can see how Thompson seems to envoke the working class experience in a vivid way, which is arguably one of the reasons why his book received such appraise. However his book also received much criticism, as Kaye and McClelland point that his ‘own theory of how class formation is determined remains highly ambiguous.’ This suggests that perhaps Thompson did not go into specific detail on how class was formed and when, which remains a highly debated topic. The fact that Thompson argues ‘thus the working- class presence was, in 1832, the most significant factor in British political life’, is argued by the Marxist historian Anderson, that class was not specifically made in the 1830’s due to its decline, but was perhaps made in the 1880’s. The fact that he insinuates that the English working class was not ‘made’ by the ... ...analysed the ‘master narrative’ in order to come to the conclusion that ‘the terminology of class was not the favoured language of radicals in Thompson’s period and after, rather the construct ‘the people’ predominated and tended towards inclusiveness and harmony between classes.’ From looking at various historians opinions regarding E.P.Thompson’s book The making of the English Working Class, it is quite evident that there are many opposing views about his work that have led to many criticisms as well as many appraisals. The topic of class is highly debatable due to the fact there is no specific definition of it. It is also debateable where it originated from and so we cannot just look at one historian’s interpretation of the subject but we need to look at many in order to come to our own conclusions of the concept of ‘class consciousnesses and ‘class identity’. Thompson has produced an ‘outstanding’ interpretation of his theories on what made the working class and many historians have made valid criticisms that allow us to question some of his main arguments within the book, meaning that the notion of class is still a contested concept for which there is no specific answer.

Final Reflection

The most important lesson I feel I have learned from this course was in Week 1, when we discussed the value of keeping an open mind and viewing all aspects of a problem or situation from multiple perspectives versus limiting myself to my own perspective. Being able to apply what I have learned about creating strong arguments will make me more confident in writing research and persuasive papers for college.It will also undoubtedly assist me in any future career. I will be more able to confidently defend or argue my points of views and opinions in an unbiased way. This will, in turn, make me an overall better communicator. From the beginning of this course I have applied what I learned to the way I approached life in general and it has allowed me to better understand other people.Since Week 1, I have tried to implement what I learned from the â€Å"This Is Water† video ND I am happy to say it has already started to change my life for the better. Although I have always known it w as best to view life In this way, PHI 103 has pushed me to be more aware of my thought processes. There Is a huge different between knowing or understanding something and putting it to practice. My goals are to keep increasing my awareness of other perspectives and to continue being objective upon approaching any argument.

Christmas Story essays

Christmas Story essays A few years ago there was a fortuneteller living next to my house. From what I remembered she was very famous, her predictions were very accurate as there were so many people visiting her everyday. I heard that she had used a very big crystal ball to tell fortune. I was so afraid to visit her house until one day... It was Christmas Eve, my mother asked me to bring a gift to the fortuneteller next door. At first I did not want to go but somehow I knocked on her door with a small wrapped gift. There was a very kind and young lady answered the door. After introducing myself I asked for the fortune telling lady. She replied she was the person that I was trying to find. I was so surprised as I thought the fortune telling lady must be a tough and old lady. She thanked me for the gift and asked me for a snack with her. Her name was Lucy, from what she told me she inherited the fortune telling crystal ball from her mother, whom was very ill. I noticed that it was very late already. I thanked her for the snack and ready to leave. She said she appreciated our kindness so much that she was going to perform a free fortune telling for me. I was so excited that I did not know what to ask for. We went into a room with only a table and 2 chairs. A crystal ball was sitting at the middle of the table, coving b y veil. We both took a seat and she said the crystal ball would be able to answer any question, from the past to the future. I was so nervous, didnt know what I should ask. Finally I asked the ball, Tell me what the world is going to be after 3000 years. There was sudden flash from the ball and there was nothing in the ball except darkness. Lucy was surprised too, she said it should be showing something, not just darkness. Then she said, The reason why there was nothing in the ball was 3000 later, there will be no lights in this planet. She further explained that it seems that a huge layer of dusk and pollutants ...

Zhidao - I Know in Mandarin Chinese

Zhidao - I Know in Mandarin Chinese When learning a new language and practicing it with native speakers, you often need to indicate your knowledge of the topic. In Mandarin you use zhÄ «dao (know) and bà ¹ zhÄ «do (don’t know). These are used as you would expect if translated directly from English. If you get asked a question, the most natural way of saying you dont know is  wÇ’Â  bà ¹ zhÄ «do (I don’t know). ZhÄ «dao is made up of two characters: çŸ ¥Ã© â€œ. The first character çŸ ¥ (zhÄ «) means to know,† or â€Å"to be aware† and the second character é â€œ (do) means â€Å"truth,† or â€Å"principle.† Do also means â€Å"direction† or â€Å"path† and in this context it forms the first character of â€Å"Daoism† (Taoism). Pleas note that this word is also commonly pronounced with a neutral tone on the second syllable, so both  zhÄ «dao and zhÄ «do are common. Examples of Zhidao QÇ ngwà ¨n, sheà ­ zhÄ «dao nÇŽli yÇ’u yà ³ujà º?è «â€¹Ã¥â€¢ , è ª °Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã© â€œÃ¥â€œ ªÃ¨ £ ¡Ã¦Å"‰éÆ' µÃ¥ ±â‚¬?è ¯ ·Ã©â€" ®, è ° Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã© â€œÃ¥â€œ ªÃ©â€¡Å'æÅ"‰é‚ ®Ã¥ ±â‚¬?Excuse me, does anyone know where the post office is?WÇ’ bà ¹ zhÄ «do.我ä ¸ Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã© â€œÃ¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ ¸ Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã© â€œI don’t know. There are more words that have a similar meaning in Mandarin, so lets look at how  zhÄ «do related to words like 明ç™ ½ (mà ­ngbai) and ä ºâ€ Ã¨ § £ (liÇŽojiÄ›). Both these are better translated as understand, compared to just knowing about something.  Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã§â„¢ ½ (mà ­ngbai) has the added meaning that something is not just understood, but also clear. This is typically used to ask if someone understands something that was just explained or to express that you understand what your teacher just explained. ZhÄ «do is more commonly used when you just want to say that you have noted a fact someone mentioned or that youre aware of something. Update:  This article was significantly updated by  Olle Linge  on May 7thth, 2016.

History of Anthropological Thought - Functionalism and Marxist Anthrop Essay

History of Anthropological Thought - Functionalism and Marxist Anthropology - Essay Example The word 'mangu' means 'witchcraft' and to some extent witchcraft and sorcery are alike. Both have general purposes, but their practices are different. Witchcraft was said to be a 'psychic power which often inherited, it can be activated if the owner became angry or jealous, and this power is normally unconscious as well as limited to those with the substance in their body. Sorcery is skill, which can be learnt by anyone and can be passed on through study. This skill also knows as "black magnetic" which can be defined as the evil use of medicines' (Evans-Pritchard, 1937, p.42). Both are used for destructive private ends against the lives and possessions of law-abiding people. The centre of this book is the three oracles of the Azande in Sudan. These being in the order of decreasing significance: the poison oracle, the termite oracle, and the rubbing board oracle. Amongst the Azande, witchcraft is viewed as the main hazard. They are sure that witchcraft can be inherited and that a person can be a mage, making others harm, without understanding her or his impact. Anthropologists have had the long disagreement concerning the nature and importance of beliefs in witchcraft and magic and, in particular, concerning the rationality of the witchcraft beliefs. Evans-Prichard underlines that they are rational since they are very utilitarian an, they are the mighty mechanism of the social top of a hierarchy. Evans-Pritchard provides a sociological model of such beliefs, he proves that they are what the chief needs to maintain submission and keep people in constant fear. That is the importance of such beliefs for the whole community; without them, the structure if the community itself will be destroyed, and a community would parish to the extent of values and culture. In addition, beliefs are important since they explain to them many things and give the image of the person who is 'omnipotent' and who can help in any trouble as well as make a great harm.           Ã‚  

Coaching Principles and Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Coaching Principles and Practice - Essay Example Many coaches never make a conscious decision regarding the coaching method(s) they adopt or could adopt. Often coaches adopt methods they experienced as athletes, or as a consequence of watching other coaches, maybe as a spectator, or as an assistant coach. This approach to learning how to coach is often called the apprentice model because the learning occurs 'on the job' and at the side of a more experienced coach. This model may work well if the exemplary coach is a quality coach and has the time to spend with the apprentice coach, but many times this is not the case and the result is that undesirable coaching practices continue to be reproduced. The work of Tinning et al. (1993) reminds against slipping into the belief that methods exist separately from the coach, and that they can be simply implemented unproblematically by the coach. Coaching is a social practice, and this implies the involvement of the whole person, in relation to specific activities as well as social communities. Thus, methods can be viewed not as a â€Å"set of strategies which can be successfully or unsuccessfully implemented by a teacher [read coach], they are more like a set of beliefs about the way certain types of learning can best be achieved. They are as many statements about valued forms of knowledge as they are about procedures for action†. The direct method of coaching involves the coach to do the following: †¢ Providing the information and direction to the group/individual †¢ Controlling the flow of information... Often coaches adopt methods they experienced as athletes, or as a consequence of watching other coaches, maybe as a spectator, or as an assistant coach. This approach to learning how to coach is often called the apprentice model because the learning occurs 'on the job' and at the side of a more experienced coach. This model may work well if the exemplar coach is a quality coach and has the time to spend with the apprentice coach, but many times this is not the case and the result is that undesirable coaching practices continue to be reproduced. The work of Tinning et al. (1993) reminds against slipping into the belief that methods exist separately from the coach, and that they can be simply implemented unproblematically by the coach. Coaching is a social practice, and this implies the involvement of the whole person, in relation to specific activities as well as social communities. Thus, methods can be viewed not as a "set of strategies which can be successfully or unsuccessfully implemented by a teacher [read coach], they are more like a set of beliefs about the way certain types of learning can best be achieved. They are as much statements about valued forms of knowledge as they are about procedures for action" (Tinning et al. 1993, p. 123). Characteristics of Coaching Methods Direct Method The direct method of coaching involves the coach to do the following: Providing the information and direction to the group/individual Controlling the flow of information Privileging the demonstration, (it can be given by the coach or the athlete, or be on video) (Kirk et al. 1996) Giving little recognition to the diverse needs of the athletes Behaving in ways that can be categorised as managerial and organisational Setting goals that are specific